The Difference Between Dragonflies and Damselflies

The Difference Between Dragonflies and Damselflies No different creepy crawlies represent summer very like the gathering of brilliant, crude looking ruthless bugs we by and large call dragonflies. In the pre-fall garden, they take after minuscule creature contender planes, savage looking yet additionally delightful and fascinating.â Actually, these individuals from the bug request Odonata incorporate the genuine dragonflies as well as a firmly related gathering known as damselflies. The request incorporates approximately 5,900 species, of which around 3,000 are dragonflies (suborder Epiprocta, infraorder Anisoptera), and about 2,600â are damselflies (suborder Zygoptera). Dragonflies and damselflies are both savage flying creepy crawlies that look crude and antiquated on the grounds that they are: fossil records show ancient species that are very like present day species, albeit significantly bigger. Current dragonflies and damselflies are generally predominant in tropical areas, however a few animal categories can be found in pretty much all aspects of the world aside from the polar regions.â Physical Characteristics Taxonomists partition the Odonata into three suborders: Zygoptera, the damselflies; Anisoptera, the dragonflies; and Anisozygoptera, a gathering some place in the middle of the two. Notwithstanding, the Anisozygoptera suborder incorporates just two living species found in India and Japan, which are once in a while experienced by a great many people. Dragonflies and damselflies are frequently mistaken for each other on the grounds that theyâ share numerous attributes, including membranous wings, enormous eyes, thin bodies, and little antennae. But there are additionally clear differencesâ between dragonflies and damselflies, sketched out in the table beneath. All in all, dragonflies are studier, thicker-bodied creepy crawlies, while damselflies have longer, more slender bodies. Once the undeniable differencesâ are learned-eyes, body, wings, and resting position-the vast majority discover it genuinely simple to recognize the insectsâ and reveal to them separated. Progressively genuine understudies of the odonates might need to analyze the unpretentious contrasts in wing cells and stomach members. The two dragonflies and damselflies are found in a wide scope of sizes and hues. Hues might be dull or splendidly metallic tints of greens and blues. Damselflies have the most stretched out scope of sizes, with wingspans running from around 3/4 inch (19â mm) in certain species to 7 1/2 inches (19 cm) in bigger species. Some fossil Odonata predecessors have wingspans of in excess of 28 inches. Life Cycle Dragonflies and damselflies lay their eggs in or close to water. Brought forth hatchlings experience a progression of sheds as they develop, and start ruthless benefiting from the hatchlings of different bugs and on little amphibian creatures as they advance toward the grown-up stage. The Odonata hatchlings themselves additionally fill in as a significant food hotspot for fish, creatures of land and water, and feathered creatures. Larval dragonflies and damselflies arrive at adulthood in as meager as threeâ weeks or up to eight years, contingent upon species. They experience no pupal stage, however close to the furthest limit of the larval stage, the bugs start to create wings, which rise as useable flight organs after the last shed of the larval stage. The grown-up flying stage, which can keep going as long as nineâ months, is set apart by ruthless benefiting from different bugs, mating, lastly laying eggs in water or sodden, boggy territories. During the grown-up stage, dragonflies and damselflies are to a great extent invulnerable to predators, with the exception of certain winged creatures. Not exclusively do these creepy crawlies represent no peril to people, yet they devour enormous amounts of mosquitoes, gnats, and other gnawing bugs. Dragonflies and damselflies are guests we should welcome to our gardens.â Contrasts Between Dragonflies and Damselflies Trademark Dragonfly Damselfly Eyes Most have eyes that touch, or almost contact, at the highest point of the head Eyes are plainly isolated, normally appearing to each side of the head Body Normally stocky Normally long and thin Wing Shape Different wing sets, with rear wings more extensive at the base All wings comparable fit as a fiddle Position at Rest Wings held open, on a level plane or downwards Wings held shut, normally over the mid-region Discal Cell Separated into triangles Unified, quadrilateral Male Appendages Pair of predominant butt-centric members, single substandard extremity Two sets of butt-centric extremities Female Appendages Most have minimal ovipositors Practical ovipositors Hatchlings Inhale through rectal tracheal gills; stocky bodies Inhale through caudal gills; thin bodies

Production of Mutant Based Epsilon Toxin (ETK) Vaccines

Creation of Mutant Based Epsilon Toxin (ETK) Vaccines Immunizations improve the resistant arrangement of a creature or human by animating the creation of antibodies to battle and battle microbes, protozoan or infections viably making insusceptibility against sickness (Salisbury 1997). Immunizations usually contain debilitated or dead strains of an infection, microscopic organisms or protozoan which inspires the body’s invulnerable framework upon acknowledgment to react by delivering antibodies to battle against the attacking antigen. In actuality, the immunization presents the malady or its causative specialist into the body to increase a protection reaction; thus if the sickness enters the body later on the body can create the essential antibodies to battle the illness quicker, as it recollects measures taken to battle against the infection beforehand. Thus, the time taken to perceive the illness, give dynamic measure against the malady and limit any potential signs or side effects related with the causative infection, microscop ic organisms or protozoan. Expanding on this capacity of immunizations this exposition evaluates the examination and ensuing paper of Li et. al. examination concerning the creation of freak based epsilon poison (ETK) immunizations which can give insurance against inebriation. Costridium perfringes a Gram positive spore shaping bacterium, is pervasively found in nature and the digestive organs of people and creatures. Moreover, it is usually found in crude meat and poultry and is additionally connected to foodborne ailments and food contamination (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2014). By and by, there are five known strains of C. perfringes which produce at least twelve known protein poisons (The Center for Food Security and Public Health 2004). To this end, the epsilon poison (ETX) is created by the sort B and D strains (The Center for Food Security and Public Health 2004). In addition, ETX is a pore framing protein which harms cell dividers prompting potassium and liquid spillage from cells and it expands the penetrability of the cell film bringing about particle lopsidedness; as such ETX has been proposed as a potential natural weapon (Stiles, et al. 2013). Arizona Department of Health (2004) conjectures that in case of an organic assault th e epsilon poison can be spread through food, water or by aerosolization. While each of the five strains have the ability to taint wounds in any species; type B and type D can cause extreme enteritis, in youthful foals, sheep and piglets, and enterotoxemia in youthful calves, sheep, goats, sheep and foals just to make reference to a couple (Arizona Department of Health Services 2004). The poison is additionally known to cause pneumonic edema and neurological side effects including prostration hyperesthesia, seizures, rowing, dyspnea and loss of brevity when intravenously infused into creatures. They are not many detailed cases on the poisonousness of ETX in people as the sort B and D strains once in a while taint people. In any case, proof recommend that it can influence the G-402 and ACHN cell lines of the human kidney featuring its conceivable harmfulness to people (Li, et al. 2013). The epsilon poison is emitted as a dormant prototoxin from the cytosol into nature because of a 32 amino corrosive buildup pioneer arrangement. It is then enacted by extracellular serine type proteases of the host, for example, trypsin or chymotrypsin; which accordingly brings about the misfortune 10-13 amino terminal and 22 or 29 carboxy terminal buildups relying upon the protease utilized (Stiles, et al. 2013). Besides, maximal initiation brings about the loss of 13N-terminal deposits and 29 C-terminal buildups delivering the third most powerful poison of the clostridia class, loss of these two terminals brings about the arrangement of a progressively acidic protein which potentially favors increasingly beneficial receptor communications (Hunter, et al. 1992). Bokori-Brown et al. (2011) states that the prototoxin can likewise get actuated by C. perfringens ÃŽ » †protease. At the point when enacted the poison turns out to be generally impervious to proteases in the gastrointest inal tracts of warm blooded animals (Stiles, et al. 2013).The impacts of the poison on the phone layers lead to cell brokenness, cell passing and enduring in the host which can some of the time be lethal. Proteolysis incites a conformational change in the poison encouraging homo-oligomerization of the actuated poison on the outer surface of the cell (Stiles, et al. 2013). In the wake of official to a cell ETX acts rapidly. Two gatherings of pore framing poisons exist, with this impact ETX is a beta pore shaping poison as it frames a beta-barrette structure to encourage film inclusion (Stiles, et al. 2013). In addition, the poison has three spaces with suggestions in the capacity of the poison. The principal area, space I-amino end, works in receptor official, the focal area or area II works in layer addition and channel arrangement (Stiles, et al. 2013). The last area, space III situated at the carboxy end works in proteolysis initiation and go about as monomer to monomer cooperation locales. Ensuing to the loss of the C terminal peptide from the protoxin monomer-monomer associations prompts homo-heptamer development. ETX cause pore arrangement in cell films by cleanser safe, cholesterol-rich layer areas that advance total of poison monomers in homo-heptamers (Stiles, et al. 2013). Proof from inquire about features ETX structures transmembrane pores under two nanometre in measurement that encourages th e section of atom 1kDa in size, increment intracellular chloride and sodium levels and diminished intracellular potassium levels. Besides, auxiliary impacts of the poison incorporate cytoskeletal brokenness which influences the uprightness of cell monolayers (Stiles, et al. 2013). The general design and introduction of the paper was acceptable and simple for perusers to follow. Be that as it may, the materials and techniques ought to have happened before the outcomes and conversation to acquaint the perusers with the strategies utilized in the investigation. In doing this perusers would have a thought of the kind of results to be introduced or anticipated. Moreover, whenever introduced prior the method could be borne as a primary concern so as to assist perusers with understanding the data introduced in the outcomes and conversation areas and the importance of the data to the point of the exploration. Moreover, if the technique is put before in the paper it encourages perusers to decide the degree of the inward legitimacy of the investigation, as perusers can decide for themselves the degree to which results can be deciphered precisely and with certainty concerning the strategies used to get the introduced discoveries. Unwavering quality, an important conditio n for legitimacy, is identified with consistency of results and the degree to which the exploration can be freely recreated by different analysts (Leacock, Warrican and Rose 2009). In light of the data gave the examination is solid and can be repeated freely by scientists with the pertinent assets. Likewise the utilization of charts, tables and photos of the gels utilized in the analysis are acceptable methods for introducing data. To this end, it presents information in a brief organization permitting perusers to effectively distinguish appropriate data and lessens the chance of perusers being overpowered if this data was to be completely present utilizing just content. It is likewise critical to take note of that the utilization of the photographs structure the SDS-PAGE and the immunoblotting helps in peruser perception and goes about as a perspective for perusers while analyzing the outcomes and conversation. The presentation presents a decent base for the perusers yet would have profited by additional top to bottom clarification on the method of activity and structure of ETX and more foundation data on freak based immunizations. Likewise a legitimate correlation of the proposed freak based antibody and how it would basically work as opposed to the current immunization which just secures against enterotoxemia brought about by the sickness would have expanded the reader’s information about the theme and strengthen the significance of locate a suitable immunization with low poisonousness. Note that the presentation gave strong data from past research about the amino corrosive buildups present in the structure of ETX and their capacity. By expansion the presentation likewise features the picked locales for change in the poison based and proof additionally introduced in the paper. A concise summary of the strategies utilized concerning article introduced by Li et al. are as per the following; sited coordinated mutagenesis of ETX in the pTIG-trx plasmid, with the acquired arrangement being affirmed utilizing nucleotide succession investigation. Following this the pTIG-mETXs were changed into able E. coli for articulation which was likewise determined with a T7 advertiser. The microorganisms was then gathered and cleansed through a blend of centrifugation, cradle washes, resuspension, sonification, chelation and elution. The sanitized protein were consequently broke down utilizing SDS-PAGE, with the profoundly decontaminated proteins experiencing dialysis and fixation. The subsequent stage utilized ELISA to recognize the antigenicity of the mETXs and rETX utilizing hostile to rETX monoclonal antibodies. After electrophoresis the decontaminated mETX protein were move from the SDS-PAGE gel utilizing the western smear method. The ELISA and western smear steps serve d to unlawful the antigenicity of the mETX which both including the utilization of goat hostile to mouse IgG during hatching periods. A cell culture and cytotoxicity examine was directed to decide rETX action by characterizing its impacts on MDCK cells. Three dimensional structure of two mETXs, mETXF199E and mETXH106P, were produced for basic investigation. The two referenced not-harmful mETXs were utilized to inoculate multi week old female mice with a similar measurement of antigen being given on days 17 and 38 per week later the mice were infused with dynamic recombinant mETX and watched for 72hours. The accompanying advance included the measure

Libraries A Broke Persons Best Friend - OppLoans

Libraries A Broke Persons Best Friend   - OppLoans Libraries: A Broke Persons Best Friend   Libraries: A Broke Persons Best Friend  If you’re suffering from bad credit, here’s a place that will lend to you for free.Did you know libraries in America haven’t always been free?When Benjamin Franklin helped to found the first membership library in 1731, the knowledge it housed came with a price. While members could check books out at their leisure, according to the Digital Public Library of America, the first collection of library books were actually purchased with membership fees. Nonmembers who wanted to borrow books had to put up collateral.In 1790 the idea of the public library came to life when Franklin donated a collection of books to a town in Massachusetts. Then after the Civil War, public libraries started spreading across the country, and the first 100% tax-funded library was founded in New Hampshire. The first large public library was the Boston Public Library, which opened in 1854.Today there are more than 9,000 public libraries that service all types of commun ities in the United States. However, many of us take free access to these libraries for granted.One in five adults say they have never in their lives been to a library. According to the Pew Research Center, only 48% of those 16 and older say they have visited a library or bookmobile in the last year. Of those that have visited a library, most (64%) are doing so to borrow books, the service that typically comes to mind when we think of libraries.But did you know that libraries offer all kinds of services, most of which are 100% free? This makes them an invaluable resource for those who are trying to live, learn, and grow on a budget. It’s also a resource for those in need of certain basic services or tools that may be inaccessible due to costs, bad credit, or other roadblocks. In this post, we’ll explore some of the lesser-known services that local libraries offer â€" typically at no cost to you.Entertainment beyond booksWhile libraries’ book collections are an invaluable resou rce, they have constantly adapted to provide services that meet the needs of their ever-evolving visitor base. This includes avenues of entertainment. At many public libraries across the United States, you can rent CDs, DVDs, BlueRays, audiobooks, and even video games from their often extensive collections.According to Consumer Reports, U.S. TV providers like cable and satellite companies lost more than 3 million subscribers in 2018 alone. Many of these “cord-cutting” consumers are looking for cheaper options, which Consumer Reports says is becoming more difficult as streaming services continue to raise their prices. But with the help of your library (and maybe a digital antenna for your local channels), those looking to cut their entertainment budget can do so easily.Want to watch an old favorite that isn’t available on streaming or digital rental? Your library probably has it (or can get it for you with an interlibrary loan). What about binging whole seasons of your favorite show? That’s right, libraries often let you borrow whole box sets of your favorite TV programs.Many libraries also provide access to newspapers, magazines, and journals. This can be a great benefit for those who love to read but are often left on the other side of the paywall and can’t shell out the cash for a subscription.Internet accessAccess to the internet can be expensive in the United States. On average it costs $70 a month â€" that’s a whopping $840 a year.Public library membership often comes with free access to a public Wi-Fi network, as well as computers and printers. Sure, you can use it to check social media or email, but a growing number of library visitors are also using it to take online classes or certification courses, which can advance education, increase job prospects, and enrich the mind.Job search and small business resourcesAccording to the American Library Association (ALA), 88 percent of libraries in the United States offer access to job databases and other employment resources, free of charge. Beyond the job hunt, libraries often provide access to information, computers, and printers to create resumes; classes to help you improve interview skills; and materials to help you prepare for occupational tests, among other services.Beyond helping you find a job, libraries can also help you start your own business. A few years ago, the ALA published a report that outlined why libraries are the perfect place to foster entrepreneurship and innovation. For example, libraries provide free access to research databases that allow you to build your knowledge about the industry, competitors, patents â€" any background knowledge you need to get started.Libraries are also a great place to network, with some hosting meetups specifically for entrepreneurs. Many libraries (6,000, or 38% of all libraries to be exact) offer specific resources for the development of small business plans, the ALA reports.Free lectures, classes, and other programmingAcco rding to the 2016 Public Libraries Survey, public libraries provided 5.2 million programs that year, which was a 72.1% increase from 2010. These might include performances by musicians or conversations with authors; lectures on topics such as the environment or healthcare; classes on subjects such as personal finance or gardening; and so much more.Most public libraries have a full schedule of activities specifically designed for the communities they are in. In the words of the ALA’s report on libraries’ public programming, the “21st century is witnessing [libraries’] rapid transformation to centers for lifelong experiential learning, hubs for civic and cultural gatherings, and partners in community-wide innovation.”To find your nearest public library to check out their upcoming programming, visit this search tool provided by the Digital Public Library of America.What to do with your savingsTaking advantage of your local library’s services and programs can help you save m oney. But what should you do with the money you’ve saved? One option is to start an emergency fund â€" no monthly contribution is too small. When you are able to set aside an emergency fund, you are less prone to succumbing to risky stop-gaps, such as running up credit card balances or taking out personal loans. Another option is to pay off any personal loans or credit card debt you may have. Whatever you decide, here’s hoping the savings add up enough to make an impact.

Analysis Of Jeanette Winterson s The Green Man

Sarah DeCarlo, What It Means To Be Green [SE #1, Group 2] Definitions of what a green man is have changed drastically throughout the years. Traditionally green men are seen as figures of fertility and honour, however, in Jeanette Winterson’s The Green Man it is evident that the protagonist is far from this traditional role. A man’s sexuality is very much a large defining factor of his worth but in this text our main male role is stripped of it. His fertile abilities are lost on his lawn as his own wife refuses to copulate with him. This leaves his daughter to be his greatest achievement infertility, but even her creation results in the ultimate demise of his beloved lawn. It is true that the protagonist is a sacrifice from the beginning without a chance to change his predetermined destiny. After fulfilling his duty to sacrifice, fertilize and unfortunately die for the sake of others the green man emerges from the ashes. Being green is not something that can simply be described with adjectives but has rather become a modern day lifestyle in this text. In Jeanette Winterson’s The Green Man, the protagonist creates a modern green man archetype through his oppressed sexuality, his sacrifice and his life’s role in the rebirth cycle. The green men of the world are seen as subordinates to their wives. Our main character does not follow the traditional alpha male but is rather conserved and feminine. In fact, as his wife and he do not hold hands as they walk and he states,Show MoreRelatedLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagesnovel is sometimes used interchangeably with Bildungsroman, but its use is usually wider and less technical. The birth of the Bildungsroman is normally dated to the publication of Wilhelm Meister s Apprenticeship by Johann Wolfgang Goethe in 1795–96,[8] or, sometimes, to Christoph Martin Wieland s Geschichte des Agathon of 1767.[9] Although the Bildungsroman arose in Germany, it has had extensive influence first in Europe and later throughout the world. Thomas Carlyle translated Goethe’s novelRead MoreStarbucks Corporation12076 Words   |  49 Pagesincreased at a compounded annual growth rate of 20%, to $3.3 billion in fiscal 2002. Net earnings have grown at an annual compounded growth rate of 30% to $218 million in fiscal 2002, which is the highest reported net earnings figure in the company s history (See Exhibit 1). As Business Week tells it: On Wall Street, Starbucks is the last great growth story. Its stock, including four splits, has soared more than 2,200% over the past decade, surpassing Wal-Mart, General Electric, PepsiCo, Coca-Cola

Canterbury Tales A Feminist Perspective of Wife of Bath...

A Feminist Perspective of Wife of Bath Many literary critics throughout the years have labeled the Wife of Bath, the gap-toothed (23) character of The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, a feminist. She is a strong-willed and dominant woman who gets what she wants when she wants it. However, this is not the definition of a feminist. A feminist is someone who believes that women and men are equal, while also is able to recognize and appreciate the unique characteristics of both sexes. A feminist celebrates what it means to be a woman, and a feminist is definitely not what Chaucer meant his character to be interpreted as. If anything, the Wife of Bath could safely be called a sexist. She constantly emphasizes the negative†¦show more content†¦The Wife of Baths actions also stem from her strong greed and need for control. That particular husband, her fifth one, was the only one she could not control. The desperate guilt he feels after hitting her, puts her in an excellent bargaining position. While lying on the fl oor she puts on a dramatic act of self-pity to make him feel even worse, and later describes: He gave the bridle completely into my hand (219). The Wife of Baths greedy need for complete control over men reflects in most of her actions. She seems proud of this, and constantly describes women as cruel creatures that bring great sorrow to men. When talking about her first three husbands, she says that she governed them (193), and chided them cruelly (193). She makes life for her husbands a living hell, having no respect for their feelings. Just like the women questioned in her story, she cares only for riches...amusement...rich apparel..., to be flattered and pampered, and for pleasure in bed (225). When talking of her first three marriages, she says: Since they had given me all their land, why should I take pains to please them, unless it be for my own profit and pleasure (192). In her story, the moral is that all women want to hold the whip in a relationship, and it is in the mans best interest to let them do so. The Wife of Bath is not a woman to be admired and, worst of all, she insists allShow MoreRelatedThe Canterbury Ta les By William Shakespeare1708 Words   |  7 PagesThe Canterbury Tales are told in the passage of a Pilgrimage to Canterbury. We see that these characters all interact with one another, they all have different points of view on several topics. â€Å"The portraits [of the pilgrims] which appear in the General Prologue have a decided togetherness, that the portraits exist as parts of a unity† (Hoffman 492), Their actions and their tales should be thought about in context, who tells the tale, what is their age, what is his or her profession and how he orRead MoreAnalysis Of The Wife Of Bath 1660 Words   |  7 PagesThe Canterbury Fails: An Analysis of Misogyny in the Wife of Bath’s Tale At first glance, you wouldn’t think that the Wife of Bath’s tale is anything other than feminist. She is, undeniably, the only non-religious female character in The Canterbury Tales and therefore is the only character who is approached from a point of view that was generally uncommon. We don’t have many— or even any, as far as I’m aware— pieces of medieval literature written by or for women or with a main female protagonistRead MoreThe Role Of Women In The Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1035 Words   |  5 Pagescollection of stories The Canterbury Tales. In Chaucer’s tales, he explores the situations of multiple individuals of varying backgrounds in the medieval time period. Each character tells a story that reveals some aspect of their morality and personality. Quite often, their tale also reveals their opinion of a certain overlying subject; such is the case with many character’s opinions of women and their place in society. Chaucer has commonly been described as a feminist and though that is partlyRead MoreSimilarities Between The Millers Tale And The Wife Of Bath1507 Words   |  7 Pagesare women perceived in Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales? The Miller’s Tale and The Wife of Bath’s Tale both portray women as having a great deal of sexual desire, which was considered taboo for its time. Alisoun, a character in The Miller’s Tale, and The Wife of Bath are portrayed as being promiscuous, however both of these women find empowerment in demonstrating their sexual agency, which was certainly a taboo perspective for the time in which The Canterbury Tales were written. While the male charactersRead MoreSexual Relations in Wife of Bath Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesSexual Relations in Wife of Bath Sexual relations between men and woman have created issues of life and death from the beginning of time. In most classic Western beliefs it began when Eve with the help of the Devil seduced Adam thus leading the downfall of humanity into an abyss of sin and hopelessness. This issue arises in all literature from Genesis, Chaucer and into modern day. Authors, clerks and writers of all types have aided stereotyping women throughout history and Geoffrey Chaucer isRead MoreRole Of Women During The United States1082 Words   |  5 Pagesequality to men. When people read Beowulf they get this assumption that the women are frail, wicked, or under the dominance of men. However, the female presence in Beowulf is far from a submissive one and must be reevaluated from an Anglo Saxon perspective. Back then, the societal expectations of the time were different. Men and Women were equal with the â€Å"compensation for a maiden is to be equal as for a freeman† as well as having property of â€Å"a free woman with control of a household.† Women wereRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath s Tale931 Words   |  4 PagesElizabeth IniguezMrs. Alana HaughabooSenior English September 15, 2015Annotated Bibliography Shead, Jackie. The wife of bath s tale as self-revelation: Jackie Shead discusses how far the Wife s Tale perpetuates the picture we have gained of her from her Prologue. The English Review 20.3 (2010): 35+. Literature Resource Center. Web. (SUMMARY) The story centers on marriage roles and powers. Men do not want to be governed by the ir wives. The knight lets the poor and unappealing lady decide forRead MoreWilliam Chaucer s The Wife Of Bath1347 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature begins to introduce a new archetype for women that writers follow in stories by describing them with motherly characteristics and taboo ideas in texts, such as the epic poem, Beowulf, Geoffrey Chaucer’s â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Prologue† and â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale† in The Canterbury Tales, and the play named The Beggar’s Opera, which brings forth the idea of what is morally acceptable characteristics for women in literature and why writers portray women as antagonist or protagonist with misunderstoodRead MoreThe Fight For Gender Equality Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pageshistorical, Middle Ages and Renaissance, time periods in mind. More Specifically, â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Prologue,† by Chaucer and â€Å"As You Like It,† by William Shakespeare will be examined. In doin g so, the essay will uncover, not only the role of women within the poems, but the feminist aspects Chaucer and Shakespeare contain within both of their poems, and the progressive views certain characters had within â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Prologue,† and â€Å"As You Like It. Now, to begin with, the role of women isRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath, By Geoffrey Chaucer Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesas they were subverted into a secondary class position that deprived them of agency and sexual satisfaction. Throughout Geoffrey Chaucer’s â€Å"Canterbury Tales,† the Wife of Bath provides didactic social commentary on the discrepancies between marriage and virginity and expounds the idea of giving sovereignty to women in relationships. Although the Wife of Bath is portrayed and characterized to some antifeminist stereotypes, her fervent and unorthodox commands enrich the reasoning behind her sexual

Catcher In The Rye Vs. Don Quixote Essay - 1007 Words

J.D. Salinger’s TheCatcher in the Rye can be compared to Cervantes’ Don Quixote. Both novels feature naive protagonists pining for an ideal world. In Salinger’s novel, Holden Caulfield is a sixteen year old who experiences challenging and questionable events in the mid-stage of his adolescence. Holden wants to protect the innocent children like â€Å"the catcher in the rye† from the immorality and corruptness of the â€Å"phony† adult world. In Cervantes work, Don Quixote is the idealistic protagonist who sets out to transform the world in accordance to his medieval vision. His growing obsession with stories of knighthood and books of chivalry leads him to abandon his former life and become a wandering knight set out to right the world’s wrongs.†¦show more content†¦As Holden was walking up the stairs he sees â€Å" fuck-you † written on the wall and rubs it off with his hand. Then, later as he is going down a different stairc ase he sees the same phrase on the wall, but this time scratched in with a knife so he can’t efface it. At that moment, he thought that there would be millions of signs just like that one in the world. There was no way he could eradicate all of them. Even in the peace of the Egyptian tomb room at the museum there is aâ€Å"fuck-you†written in crayon. At this point, he is hopeless and realizes that his dreams are unattainable. In the carousel scene with Phoebe Holden reluctantly accepts the fact that everyone loses his or her innocence. While on the carousel, Phoebe joins the other kids in trying to grab for the gold rings. Although Holden is afraid that she will fall off the horse, he realizes that he can’t stop her. He states, â€Å"The thing is with kids is; if they want to grab for the gold ring, you have to let them do it and not say anything. If they fall off, they fall off, but it’s bad if you say anything to them.† Similarly, Cervantes’ Don Quixote portrays an idealistic protagonist who sets out to transform the world in accordance to his medieval vision. The novel opens by briefly describing the main character’s fascination with chivralic stories. He dreams for the way things were in the times of knights and the code of chivalry. Even though he lived in the Renaissance Era, he decided to turn his dream into

Music and Mood free essay sample

Music affects everyone in completely different ways. I always found it fascinating that everyone had their own style of music that they enjoy and over time I have noticed that people’s taste in music tends to go along with their personality and moods. When I discovered an article on music and mood I knew I wanted that to be my topic because I was always interested in it and wanted to learn more. The article I found was titled â€Å"Music and Mood† by Carolyn J Murrock and Anita V Clark. The article explains how rhythm, melody, pitch, harmony, and interval in music play a role in creating alterations in mood in humans. Murrock and Clark state that, â€Å"Music produces psychological effects by engaging the limbic system. † The limbic system is the center of emotions, sensations, and feelings. The article also explains how your emotions affect your nervous system. This can affect your cardiovascular, respiratory, neuroendocrine, and immune systems in your body. We will write a custom essay sample on Music and Mood or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Emotions also release different hormones. Stress hormones can lead to anxiety, depression and disappointment; whereas positive emotions lead to tranquility, complacency, and relaxation. Murrock and Clark believe that the release of these hormones when listening to music produces physiological effects in the human body. The therapeutic properties of music date back to prehistoric times when it was used as a powerful instrument for health, healing, and wellness. Today music is used less in pharmacological ways and more for enjoyment and enhancement of physical activity. People also use music today to alter moods, communicate feelings, and create distraction. There are six levels of wellness: physical, social, emotional, intellectual, environmental and spiritual. Music and Mood† could really be focused on any of these levels of wellness, but I believe it mainly focuses on emotional wellness. In Murrock and Clark’s article they focused on how listening to music releases hormones that are believed to alter someone’s mood and can affect their emotional wellness. Someone in a calm, happy mood could listen to a few songs with stressful beats and begin to feel more anxiety. The opposite can also happen. A stressed out person could listen to some relaxing music and notice that they are calmer. Music can affect your emotional wellness in positive or negative ways. The article also mentions that listening to music can affect your nervous system. When your nervous system is affected it can cause many problems in your body. The problems can affect your cardiovascular, respiratory, neuroendocrine, and immune systems. These all show signs of physical wellness. Listening to music can also be very spiritual too. People can listen to calming songs and beats to relax themselves and release any anxiety or stress they have built up. Some people like the feeling of belonging in a group so they will use certain genres of music and music taste to connect themselves with people. People who listen to the same types of music can give off very similar energies and form social groups. I really learned a lot through reading Carolyn J Murrock and Anita V Clark research. I found it all to be very interesting and I didn’t realize how much of an impact music has on people emotionally, physically, spiritually and socially.

What Are the Disadvantages of Computer Addiction free essay sample

Before discussing options for computer addiction treatment, one point regarding addiction to the computer needs to be made : Computer addiction is not an official psychiatric diagnosis. Despite a growing movement to have obsessive computer and internet use included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), so far this has not happened. In relative terms when disadvantages of computer addiction compared to other addictions such as alcoholism and drug addiction, computer addiction is a very new phenomenon. Most of the disorders included in the DSM have been extensively researched and treated in some form for at least fifty years – and many such as depression have been studied for well over one hundred years. In contrast, the computer itself has only been widely available for twenty or so years. Computer addiction is a relatively new term used to describe a dependency on one’s computer. Computer addiction is not limited to personal computers (PCs). We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Disadvantages of Computer Addiction? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It covers video games and the Internet and has already been given a label by psychologists, namely Internet addiction disorder (IAD). In short, excessive internet use has not been around long enough or sufficiently studied to warrant official disorder status. Still, is there any doubt that some people spend far too much time online and that this can significantly interfere with their functioning in the â€Å"real world†? Computer addiction is a loosely used term for the excessive use of computers to the extent that it interferes with daily life. Excessive use may explain problems in social interaction, mood, personality, work ethic, relationships, thought processes, or sleep deprivation. Whether we call this computer addiction, internet addition, or something is largely irrelevant. Online habits that far exceed what most people would consider â€Å"healthy†. For example ten-plus hours per day, can have serious consequences for the addict. In my opinion, computer addiction, like any addiction, can creep up on a person without one being aware of it. There are a lot of disadvantages of computer addiction. The newly diagnosed computer addiction has gained much press attention recently, as children have also been affected. Talk shows are full of people whose relationships have been torn apart by one partner’s computer addiction. Spending hours chatting online, surfing the web or playing computer games can cause relationships to deteriorate as other parts of a person’s life are neglected. A recent research study showed that some children suffer from computer rage when they are forbidden to play computer games. The results are temper tantrums and behavioral traits similar to those of an addict going cold turkey. So how exactly is computer addiction defined? When does a hobby become an addiction? As with most other dependencies, specific questions can be asked to assess whether or not someone may suffer from computer addiction. These questions include assessing how much time is spent on the PC or playing video games, sometimes relative to how much time is spent interacting with real people. Another way to assess computer addiction is to assess one’s quality of life before and after the computer arrived. Many people have lost jobs due to their computer addiction. Constantly logging onto the Internet at work has caused many people to be dismissed, often after repeated warnings were issued. Money is another factor. Some people have gone into debt and lost great amounts of money using online services and chatrooms. Computer addiction is also sometimes linked to computer gambling. For some people, gambling is reliant on the computer. They cannot have one without the other. Not only do such people spend countless hours playing online poker, but they often lose thousands of dollars while playing. Computer addiction can have a number of physical, social, and psychological effects on a person and it is to be taken as seriously as any other addiction that a person is battling. One common physical effect computer addiction can have on a person are back problems. Sitting for so long can take a toll on a person’s muscles and can result in poor posture. Poor posture can result in chronic back problems that require the services of a chiropractor. Tips on solving disadvantages of computer addiction As with any addiction, steps can be taken to treat computer addiction. Limiting the amount of time spent on the computer or playing video games is a simple step. If your computer is on all the time at home, switch it off. Don’t leave the computer near at hand. In order to prevent things from getting out of control, reassure that you understands that if you buy a computer, you will have to respect some rules regarding its usage. The first and most important rule is establish a schedule for using the computer. Develop a new passion that has nothing to do with computers. The disadvantages of computer addiction in mainly caused by a lack of activities or boredom. Get out of the house, play with friends or encourage to invite your colleagues at home. The more friends you has, the better. The important thing for your child is to interact more with the real world than with the virtual one. More and more people are spending time in cyberspace in a virtual world of their own making. If not treated, this condition can lead to diminished social skills and deterioration in the addict’s quality of life. Take care, the disadvantages of computer addiction is said to be on the increase.

Time Transfixed essays

Time Transfixed essays RENE MARGRITTE, TIME TRANSFIXED, 1938 Time transfixed by Rene Margritte is a surrealistic painting. By watching the painting We see a very sharp and clear painting with dark colors close to the red. The painting look so real that fools the eye and the observer has the impression that it is a computer graphic and not a real painting. The composition its ruled by straight diagonal lines. But there are some vertical lines to break the monotony and to relax our eye. Our vision goes straight to the fireplace because its the only object on white and attracts our attention. It is a strange composition. There is a fireplace and a train coming through it. Its the train that travels through the time. But why come through the fireplace? That because is surrealistic. On the top of the fireplace are two candles. The candles are not lit. But the painting is illuminated by natural light coming from the right. The candles symbolize the knowledge. In meddle of two candles is a black watch showing 1 oclock. The watch symbolizes time and the mystery of time! On the back is a mirror. It reflects only the shape of the candle and the watch and nothing else. There is void space on the mirror. Thats because the mirror symbolizes the mystery of the Universe and our ignorance for the mysteries that Universe hides and the forth dimension TIME. By seeing the painting the observers has the impression that there is void space in the room too. The mirror and the fireplace, which looks like an empty box, give that impression. We dont know if there is void space in the room b ecause we see only a part of it. There are also implied lines. Its the painting line that goes from the left to the inside right and the light line that goes from right to inside left. Those lines meet together at an another horizontal line, which passes through the train and the watch. These lines give more focus to the train and ...

Growth Strategy of Toyota Motor Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Growth Strategy of Toyota Motor Company - Essay Example This research aims to evaluate and present Toyota motor company that is on the peak due to the best car manufacturing, assemblage and its circulation in all over the world. Toyota is one of the leading car manufacturing companies in the world. Toyota introduces a range of cars and mini trucks for the consumers. I have selected Toyota motor company, as Toyota is one of the best selling brands in the region of Kingdom Saudi Arabia. In this research, the Growth strategies of the Toyota motor company are analyzed. The research paper will discuss about the Growth strategies, factors related to growth strategies and the behavior of company. The main reason of its best performance is its remarkable efficiency in management. Many other factors have reached the company on the top. Some people think that reason of company‘s best performance is its monopolistic operating system because company has a dominant market place in car exportation. People also considers its operating structure to oligopolistic because they see their competitors like GM that what they are doing and company makes sure that its services, its operating system make to reach the company on the top. The major objectives of the company are to enhance the growth in terms of technology and economy. To compete with the other companies and resolve the modern and future energy crises, Toyota motor company must make footsteps towards achieving sustainability. Summary The research paper consists of the growth strategies of the Toyota motor company. The research involved the qualitative methods and secondary data collection method is utilized to collect the data and information from different websites, articles, news websites and books. The basic objective of the company is to provide the customers with quality vehicles with maintaining the prices of the vehicles so that the vehicles come in a range of a person with low income. The company targets to provide the vehicles, which use alternate mode of energy and work well with energy transformation. Electric vehicles and hybrid introduces by Toyota have higher efficiencies and fuel economy. The vehicles are also important in reducing the green house gases emissions. Toyota motor company has dedicated customers and staff that help the company to improve the quality of the vehicles. The company works on having the knowledge that what a customer demands from a car. The company works on it and produces a car that fits the demand of a specific customer. In order to maintain the cost of the vehicle, the company produces vehicles in a massive number, the massive amount of vehicles reduces the cost per vehicle to the company and this helps the company to maintain the cost of the vehicles. The company works on sustainable growth and it has a set sustainable growth policy. In this way, in the economic crises the company can still make profit. From some previous hardships and recalls, the company has evolved with unique and different ideas to les sen the recalls as well as increase the profitability of the vehicl

Accounting Final Common Assessment Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Accounting Final Common Assessment Paper - Essay Example This is also carried out to ensure that the information provided by the accounting function is meaningful and relevant to its users. Every organization does have an accounting function to assist in recording and reporting of financial information generated from different activities of the business. The data processed by the accounting function can be useful to users of this information in many ways. This paper looks at the role of accounting in organizations and its importance in terms of managing a business. Furthermore, it will delve the usefulness of the accounting information generated the accounting function. The importance of accounting function in any organization cannot be ignored. It is considered as an independent function which is responsible for gathering information from different business activities and then compiling and publishing them in accordance to the reporting standards. The role of accounting has changed over the years. It is not just limited to reporting of financial information to external users, but also is responsible for performing various other tasks in any organization. Accountants are involved in planning and implementation of the company’s strategies through different processes.... For example, inventory of a company can be recognized and recorded using four different methods such as First In First Out (FIFO), Last In Last Out (LIFO), Average Cost, and Output Method. It should be noted that different methods of recording inventory will yield different results in the same year, and companies have the choice of selecting a method and reporting their inventory according to the requirements of reporting standards. However, it should also be highlighted that the choice of different accounting methods should be in accordance to the requirements of accounting standards. In the recent years, several frauds surfaced the US corporate sector, which were blamed on the inherent loopholes and too much flexibility in the US GAAP. Since then, efforts between FASB and IASB are being carried to improve the accounting standards and reconcile methods of recording and reporting different elements of a business. One of the core functions of accounting is to collect data from differe nt business segments and process it into a form of information, which is understandable, relevant, and complete. Each business segment performs different activities and produce data which has to be consolidated by the accounting function of organizations. This information is referred to accounting information that may exist in different forms. Traditionally, this information was only available based on paper based working methods. However, as information technologies have been developed the accounting function has been shifted to computerized systems. These systems allow systematic entry of data and then making this information accessible to accountants who then process this data using various tools to generate financial information. In

Effectiveness of Loyalty Schemes for Supermarkets

Effectiveness of Loyalty Schemes for Supermarkets Chapter 1 Introduction It is necessary for organisations to carry out market research before they can come up with a good quality marketing strategy no matter how big or small the company is. Market research is when an organisation studies their customers buying habits and gathers information about the market. The information they find is then analysed to determine the expectations of customers. Market research is necessary because organisations should aim to be marketing orientated and meet the wants and needs of their customers. As well as meeting the wants and needs of customers marketing orientated companies welcome change. This means they can react to external factors and changes in the market like changes in consumer spending patterns. It is a lot easier for an organisation to put together a good marketing strategy if they are marketing orientated and have carried out the appropriate market research to identify the wants and needs of their target market. It is essential for an organisation to satisfy its customers. Meeting customer needs will improve the organisations reputation amongst its customers which will result in a higher profit and could make potentially make customers loyal to the brand. In 1995 Tesco introduced their Clubcard. This was the first customer loyalty card introduced in the UK and there are now 13 million Clubcard members. (MIS Quarterly Executive Vol.8 No.2/June 2009, Leveraging Multichannel retailing: the experience of Tesco.com) Loyalty programs are not just used by companies to offer benefits to regular shoppers and reward customers for their loyalty. Every time a customer uses their loyalty card in store organisations record what products that customer has purchased to find out their specific wants and needs. If the research shows that a product is more popular with customers in a certain area then an organisation could introduce offers to meet customer needs. Therefore loyalty programs are used as a form of market research. The majority of major retailers in the UK now offer loyalty programs. Therefore the purpose of this research is to examine the benefits and drawbacks of these programs to both organisations and customers to see weather actual loyalty can be obtained through one of these programs. There must be major benefits of Loyalty programs otherwise they would not be so popular. However not every organisation like Asda does offer a loyalty program so the purpose of this research is to determine whether they are worth investing in. If the majority of customers who shop in an organisations store own loyalty cards is the company able to process all of the information they have gathered. A loyalty card will also only show the retailer what a customer spends in their specific store and not their general buying habits. A customer may buy their weekly shopping in Tesco and use their Clubcard yet may buy meat from another supermarket or from a local butcher. If Tesco knew this they could introduce offers to encourage customers to buy meat in their store. The Clubcard however would not provide Tesco with this information. Despite this Tesco could use their Clubcard to identify changes in consumer buying patterns. A customer can however own as many loyalty cards as they want which means they can supply information to many different organisations. When customers sign up to a loyalty program they have to provide name, address, age group and often email address allowing the organisation to contact them regularly with offers. With this information the organisation offering the scheme can understand what kind of person is buying certain products. This helps them segment the market and identify the target market for any product. This research is important and of value because organisations will benefit from it if they are considering investing in a loyalty scheme. This research will also help companies understand the advantages and disadvantages of loyalty programs and identify ways they can make the most of the large amounts of data they gather from customers. This research will also be off interest to customers who have signed up to loyalty programs and people involved in business. There are many aims and objectives of this research. The first aim is to understand what loyalty actually is and the importance of loyal customers. Is it actually possible for an organisation to obtain loyalty with a customer? If so can this be achieved through one of these programmes? Also is it possible to measure just how loyal customers are? The second aim is to study the history of loyalty cards and programs and find out which organisations along with Tesco where first to introduce loyalty cards and gain an understanding of how rapidly the trend has grown since both in the UK and internationally. This information will help organisations understand how loyalty cards became so popular with retailers. The third aim of this research is to find examples of how the information gathered from customers using their loyalty card in store has benefited organisations when they determine their marketing strategy. This research will determine whether it is possible for a retailer to process all the information provided by loyalty programs considering how popular they are with customers. Is there any reason why a major retailer like Asda does not offer a loyalty program when a lot of its direct competitors do? This study will also help identify how organisations can benefit from loyalty kiosks. The fourth aim of this research to understand whether loyalty programs really benefit customers or whether its just organisations that get the main benefits. In a lot of cases customers have to spend a lot of money in the retailers store to gain loyalty points and money off products. Despite this organisations can use loyalty programs to determine which products are popular with customers and introduce offers. Therefore being part of a loyalty program could benefit the customer without them really realising it. This study will also help identify how customers can benefit from loyalty kiosks. The final aim is to investigate the different types of loyalty programmes organisations offer and the advantages and disadvantages of the various programmes. This information will hopefully help organisations determine which type of loyalty scheme is most appropriate for them to invest in. All the aims of this project will be achieved by gathering information obtained through secondary research. A large proportion of this research will be gathered from the academic journals. Research will also be gathered from relevant information found in books, articles, newspaper reports and case studies. Previous literature will be reviewed and critically analysed. After this the research methods will be described and results of this research will be discussed, analysed and related back to relevant theory shown in the literature review. The study will then be concluded showing any limitations. The main lessons learnt from this study will be described showing what future research should be conducted. Chapter 2 Literature Review What is loyalty? Can it be purchased? The word loyal is defined in the oxford English dictionary as being â€Å"true to obligations of duty and love† although it is hard to imagine the average consumer feels this way about the supermarket where they buy their groceries. (Uncles, Dowling and Hammond 2003) argue that it is not possible for a consumer to have an emotional attachment towards a brand of tomato soup. Even if customers are not loyal many retailers may have their personal information stored in their computer database. (Rowley 2000) understands that it is very difficult for supermarket to encourage actual loyalty and claims that â€Å"the very technology that supports innovations such as loyalty cards may serve to undermine the concept of loyalty.† Many people believe that true loyalty is not actually attainable through loyalty programs and that the main purpose of these programs is to provide management with information. (Jenkinson 1995) strongly believes this and claims that: â€Å"The customers loyalty is simply not for sale. It cannot be bought for ever by companys ordeals. Real brand loyalty results from an emotional bond created by trust, dialogue, frequency, ease of use and a sense of value and added satisfaction. Loyalty is the reflection of a customers subconscious emotional and psychological need to find a constant source of value, satisfaction and identity.† (Jenkinson 1995) does make a valid point but it is still possible to obtain loyalty through loyalty programs its just not very easy. (Stone et al 2004) believe that customers are unlucky to become loyal to an organisation just from being part of one of these schemes. However they understand that a scheme could produce information that could help an organisation find ways to offer suitable rewards to meet the needs of customers which is likely to lead to loyalty amongst customers. (OBrien and Jones 1995) extend this theory and understand that the only way an organisation can obtain loyalty through a loyalty programme is if the organisation offers rewards that are of value to the customer. They claim there are 5 elements that determine value. (see appendix) Even though loyalty can be obtained through loyalty programmes it is necessary that every employee at the organisation is fully committed to the program. Therefore as well as any initial financial investment there also needs to be an investment in staff training when an organisation introduces a loyalty card. (Omar 1999) understands this and believes that a loyalty program will not be successful unless everyone within the organisation is committed. This includes the cashier who simply smiles and asks a customer if they own a loyalty card. (OConner 1996) shares this opinion and understands that customers will come back to a store and become loyal customers if employees are friendly. As well as being fully committed to their loyalty program organizations need to be sure that customers are not just signing up to their loyalty program just for the sake of it. (Omar 1999) understands that some customers may sign up to a loyalty scheme just to get the discounts and may not be actually loyal to the organisation. It is important that Organisations are aware of this when starting up a loyalty program. Even though (OBrien and Jones 1995) have already shown that an organisation can obtain loyalty through a loyalty programme if they offer rewards that are of value to the customer there are also many other factors that can affect how loyal customers are. (Wright and Sparks 1999) have identified that it is possible to achieve customer loyalty through a number of means. This includes where the store is located and how easy it is to access. Also the loyalty of customers very much depends on the quality and price of the goods being sold. (Bellizi and Bristol 2004) understand that a consumer that is part of a lot of loyalty schemes is more likely to be affected by other factors and judge a supermarket on the speed of its checkout lines and its variety of fresh produce. (Gounaris and Stathakopoulos 2004) extend this theory and suggest that customer loyalty is something that can be influenced by a combination of 3 factors. These are the reputation of the brand and the amount of choice available in the market, social influences and recommendations from peers and the degree of risk aversion from the consumer themselves. According to them these influences can create four types of loyalty: No loyalty Covetous loyalty: This is when a consumer has a strong attachment to a brand possible due to social influences yet there is no purchase. Many customers may be interested in premium brand products but choose to buy a less expensive alternative to save money. Inertia loyalty: This is when a customer purchases a certain brand due to habit or convenience but has no emotional attachment to the brand itself. A customer may choose one supermarket over another simply because it is closer. Premium loyalty: This is what every organisation should aim for. It is when a customer regularly buys a companys products due to a high attachment to the brand. However customer loyalty is obtained it is important not to under estimate the value of having loyalty customers. Every organisation should be aiming to encourage loyalty. (Omar 1999) understands the importance of customer loyalty and points out that a store is likely to be unsuccessful without loyal customers because they are likely to buy more products and will be willing to pay more. They are also more likely to recommend the organisation to friends and family which will bring in new customers. Organisations usually have to spend a lot of money on promotions to try and attract new customers to a business. It costs a less money for an organisation to obtain customers then it does to attract new ones. Also once customers are loyal to an organization they are less likely to be interested in the promotions other companies are offering. (Christopher and McDonald 1995) therefore understand that by retaining customers an organization could stop new companies from wanting to enter the market. (Halowell 1996) has also found evidence to show that there is a definite connection between the loyalty of customers and the amount of profit an organisation makes. (Oliver 1997) correctly sums up customer loyalty by defining it as. â€Å"A deeply held commitment to re buy or re patronize a preferred product/service consistently in the future, thereby causing repetitive same-brand or same brand-set purchasing despite situational influences and marketing efforts having the potential to cause switching behaviour.† (Whyte 2004) suggests that loyalty programmers may just create customer loyalty for short amount of time that may not result in full commitment. This however isnt true because there are major differences between loyalty schemes and incentive schemes. (Hirshman and Goldstucker 1978) understand that loyalty programs are more long term and can help an organisation improve its reputation amongst customers and establish a relationship. This is definitely true as general incentive schemes are likely to be short term promotions or offers to make customers interested in a specific product or just to draw their attention to the brand. Loyalty programmes are therefore a lot more expensive to run then simple incentive schemes but a lot more beneficial at the same time. Loyalty schemes can even help organisations come up with appropriate short term offers and promotions which can be directly issued to the target market. (OConner 1996) has identified that incentive schemes are usually a final resort for organisations if their loyalty scheme fails. Even though (OBrien and Jones 1995) have already shown that an organisation can obtain loyalty through a loyalty programme if they offer rewards that are of value to the customer it is still very difficult for an organization to measure how loyal its customers are. (Omar 1999) identifies that Store loyalty is a function of customer satisfaction. This is definitely true as satisfied customers are more likely to keep coming back to the store and become loyal customers. However (Omar 1999) goes on to suggest that a number of variables can be used to determine how loyal a retailers customers are. (See appendix) The variables listed above could definitely be used to measure the satisfaction of customers. Despite this customers may appear to be satisfied and still decide to shop somewhere else if they are attracted by promotion. Therefore it is very difficult for an organisation to measure actual levels of loyalty. The History of Loyalty programs and Loyalty cards Organisations have been aiming to encourage customer loyalty for a long time and the introduction of loyalty cards has definitely helped them achieve this goal. Loyalty cards are now very popular both in the UK and internationally. (Sharp and Sharp 1997) have identified that since loyalty cards have been introduced, they have been used effectively by organisations to increase levels of satisfaction amongst customers. Further research will be conducted to show examples of this. Today the majority of retailers now offer loyalty schemes. (Rowley 2007) is aware of the popularity of Loyalty schemes and identified that they are now â€Å"an established feature of the retail and services landscape.† (Uncles, Dowling and Hammond 2003) suggested that competitors are likely to copy a loyalty scheme if it appears to be successful. This seems fairly understandable as organisations are often influenced by the activities of the competition. OMalley (1998) realises that there is a chance customers may begin to expect a reward every time they visit a store as loyalty cards have led to them being bombarded with promotions and money off vouchers for products they regularly buy. The above literature suggests that the introduction of loyalty cards is the only reason for organisations being so obsessed with obtaining the loyalty of customers. It is obviously a major factor but (Omar 1999) has identified that loyalty schemes have been growing in popularity for a lot longer than this and suggests that â€Å"such a remarkable shift to loyalty-building activity has been made possible because the cost of recruiting each consumer into a loyalty scheme has fallen substantially in real terms since the early 1970s.† (Omar 1999) also believes that the popularity of loyalty schemes may lead to their downfall by understanding that the majority of loyalty schemes are now run in pretty much the same way. He is therefore able to identify that the differentiation these schemes provided when they first became popular is slowly being lost. This could well be the reason why Asda have chosen not to invest in loyalty scheme even though the majority of their direct competitors have. (Omar 1999) even suggests that: â€Å"loyalty cards could start a more sophisticated round of mark-down wars which held the high street stores to ransom in the late 1980s and early 1990s.† However this seems unlikely. How loyalty programs benefit the organisation: (Walters and Hanrahan 2000) have been able to identify the numerous benefits for organisations that use loyalty programmes to store the purchasing details of their customers. Loyalty schemes can help an organisation decide where it places its products and how they allocate their space in store. They can also use the information they have stored in a database to introduce in store promotions and offers on products where they have identified interest from customers. Loyalty programmes can also more importantly help an organisation find out who its target market is. Tesco have had a lot of success since launching their very successful Clubcard scheme. (Uncles, Dowling and Hammond 2003) have identified that Tesco have been able to use their Clubcard to aid brand extension. Tesco have definitely shown that they understand the importance of customer loyalty. (Turner and Wilson 2006) were however able to identify Clubcard is not the only reason for Tescos loyal customers and major market growth. It is necessary for an organisation to know who its target market is and offer rewards to the right customers. (OBrien and Jones 1995) understand that it is important for organisations to consider the value of their customers. If they fail to do this an organisation may waste time and money satisfying the customers of less value whilst the greater value customers are not satisfied and loose loyalty as a result. An article by (Media Week 2009) suggested that loyalty schemes with the most members may not be the most successful ones. The article described how â€Å"todays loyalty efforts are more concerned with the quality of membership and not just the quality.† This makes sense as organisations are aiming to obtain loyalty and therefore dont just want customers to sign up for loyalty schemes just to get the discounts. It is still difficult to understand how a retailer is able to process all the information provided by loyalty cards considering how popular they are with customers. (Uncles, Dowling and Hammond 2003) identify that a popular loyalty scheme is likely to gather a lot of unnecessary data which is of no use to anyone. (Omar 1999) therefore suggests that â€Å"any loyalty scheme must be driven by a database to ensure that it adds a significant new element rather than being simply another promotional activity.† (Omar 1999) makes a very valid point although organisations are still dealing with a very large amount of information.. Loyalty cards have become increasingly popular within the last few years due to advances in technology like the growth in computer memory capacity (OConnor 1996) believes that it is therefore now possible for an organisation to track, identify and respond to the buying behaviour of customers. Also with this information a retailer can contact customers through direct mailing. (Passingham 1996) argues that not all customers who shop in a retailers store will sign up to a loyalty scheme so some of the data that is being stored may be inaccurate. Loyalty schemes also dont provide retailers with information about customer buying habits outside of that specific store. However a large proportion of regularly shoppers are likely to be part of the organisations loyalty scheme so this is unlikely to be a serious concern of organisations as they will still be able to get an overview of the buying habits of specific groups of customers. One of the main reasons that customers may refuse to sign up to a loyalty scheme is because they are worried that the organisation may give out their personal information to third parties. (Sarathy and Robertson 2003) have identified that customers may be concerned about their privacy when it comes to loyalty schemes due to recent corporate mismanagement scandals. However customers will be less likely to worry about this if they are attracted to the rewards being offered by the scheme. The following research by (Schriver 1997) which was carried out just as loyalty cards were becoming popular in the UK. He was able to identify 6 factors that surprisingly made consumers less loyal today than in the past. He also identified that the 6 factors can increase consumer doubt leading to more complaints and a lower level of loyalty as well as greater price sensitivity. How loyalty programs benefit customers (Potter 1998) identifies that customers deserve to be treated well by organisations. This is true as they are unlikely to come back and re visit a store if the experience they received was not a pleasurable one. It is clear that loyalty cards benefit organisations but how much do they benefit customers. (Schultz and Bailey, 2000) believe the rewards that customer receive are simply given to them as compensation for the information they provide. This section proves that this is not entirely correct and that loyalty programs can benefit customers. Despite this (Uncles, Dowling and Hammond 2003) have identified that the main reason organizations invest in loyalty schemes is because they expect the program to benefit them. This is because the main aim of any business is to make a profit and being marketing orientated and meeting the needs of customers is the main way of achieving this aim Rowley (2000) has identified that loyalty style kiosks are becoming an increasingly popular way for organisation to encourage loyalty amongst customers in the USA. She describes how the kiosks themselves are placed at the front of stores and she is able to identify that they offer a lot more benefits then simple promotional leaflets. By offering one of these kiosks organisations are therefore likely to increase the satisfaction of their customers. This is because they are likely to feel valued as they get to choose their rewards instead simply being given a voucher they could potentially discard. Omar (1999) has already identified that loyalty is function of customer satisfaction. Despite customers receiving points every time they use their card in store (Omar 1999) believes that a number of schemes are purely set up to provide retailers with a database so that they can advertise their products directly to customers via emails. This is definitely a valid opinion. Therefore research will be carried out to find examples of how organisations have used their schemes in order to contact target groups of customers directly. If customers dont benefit from an organisations loyalty scheme the business is unlikely to be successful (Dowling and Uncles 1997) point out that this may make customers frustrated resulting in them losing loyalty. Different types of Loyalty Programs: There are many different types of loyalty programmes which can be used by organisations offering a wide variety of products and services. There is no single type of loyalty programme that is guaranteed to be successful. A study from (Wanswink 2003) showed that brand managers believe that all loyalty programmes can have an impact on the buying behaviour of customers. The study also showed that the most cost-effective loyalty programmes were the low and moderate ones. However another study by (Gordan and Mckeage 1997) showed that loyalty programmes are more likely to be successful if the organisation is offering a product or service that the customer considers to be high involvement because of the financial, social and physical risk involved. American express also offer a club yet they charge a fee to join. Although this could prevent customers from joining the loyalty programme (Shiffman and Kanuk 2007) can see a benefit of this by suggesting that â€Å"this increases the customers investment in the relationship which may lead to greater commitment and increased usage loyalty† Some companies reward loyal customers by giving them points so they can gain more goods or services from the organisation. This kind of point system is very popular with hotel chains and airlines. (Shiffman and Kanuk 2007) believe that this could act as an exit barrier because customers would have to give up the points if they started a new relationship. Chapter 3 Methodology Now that the relevant literature has been reviewed further research has been conducted to examine the benefits and drawbacks of loyalty programs to both organisations and customers. The purpose of this research was too help organisations who offer loyalty cards identify ways in which they can make the most of the information they gather whilst benefiting organisations that dont currently offer a scheme by helping them identify if loyalty schemes are beneficial or not. Customers who are part of loyalty programs and people involved in business will also benefit from this research. Several aims and objectives of this research were established before the research was carried out. The first aim was to find out what loyalty actually is and whether actual loyalty can be obtained through a loyalty scheme. After this the history of loyalty cards and loyalty programs were researched to identify how rapidly the trend grew in the UK and internationally. This was followed by research into the benefits of loyalty programs for both organisations and customers and research into the different types of loyalty programs in which customers can sign up for. In the end all research that was conducted was secondary and not primary. This was partly due to insufficient funds as it would cost a lot of money and take a lot of time to arrange interviews with members of the major organisations that were studied. There were also plans to hand out questioners to people in supermarkets although these never went ahead due to ethical reasons. Despite there being some limitations of this study all the information found from the secondary research did relate to the aims and objectives and therefore will be of benefit to the reader. The research process consisted of examining several articles, various figures and company websites in order to achieve the aims and objectives. The majority of this research was taken from journals, newspaper articles and from The Grocer magazine. A number of case studies were also examined during the research process. An article in the Grocer from the 18th April 2008 entitled â€Å"Service with a smile† was examined because it described some of the various ways organisations could encourage loyalty amongst customers. However one of the main purposes of this research was to identify if loyalty can be obtained through loyalty schemes. Are loyalty schemes able to reach large groups of shoppers? Another article in The Grocer from the 6th February 2010 entitled â€Å"retailers need to work harder to increase loyalty card appeal† was examined in order to answer this question. Research was conducted to find out how many loyalty cards are currently in operation in the UK and internationally. This will help gain an understanding of how rapidly loyalty schemes have grown in popularity over the last 15 years. A number of sources where found which featured sections that showed exactly how popular loyalty schemes were on a national and global basis in different years and the relevant figures are shown and analysed in the results section. One of the sources used is an article from (University Of Minnesota 2009) entitled Leveraging Multichannel Retailing: The experience of Tesco.com which describes how Tesco have grown to dominate the UK market. Figures were also taken from a case study in a book by Omar (1999) entitled Retail Marketing. An article from Media Week entitled â€Å"the brave new world of loyalty marketing† featured results from a state by state analysis by the COLLOQUY Loyalty Census which describes the popularity of loyalty cards on a global scale and by how much this has increased since 2007. Several major organisations were researched to find out which loyalty schemes had been successful and the reasons for this. Most major organisations now offer a loyalty program. How do independent retailers encourage loyalty? An article in the Grocer from the 5th February 2010 entitled â€Å"Independent chains seek to win loyalty with card schemes† helped to answer this question. Organisations value the customers loyalty and their purchasing activity data. However a lot of money is spent on loyalty schemes and therefore research was carried to find out whether loyalty schemes are worth investing in. An article from the BBC written on the 17th February 2003 entitled â€Å"The cost of Nectar loyalty† explains why this may not be the case. Dispute this many organisations have benefit from loyalty schemes and Tesco is definitely an example of this. A lot of research was therefore based around Tesco as they currently dominate the UK market. Page 17 of the Walters D, Hanarahan J (2000) book entitled Retail Strategy described some of the major benefits loyalty club members at Tesco receive. The article by the (University of Minnesota 2009) was also examined again because it described why Tesco had been so successful. Page 94 of this article described how Tesco were able to manage customer relations and use their ClubCard to aid direct marketing. Why Asda do not offer a loyalty scheme? The answer to this question can be found in the results section. The answer was taken from an article in the Grocer from the 7th November 2009 entitled â€Å"Why Asda rejected launching its own loyalty card scheme† explains exactly why. However another article in the Grocer from the 20th February 2010 entitled â€Å"Is Asda paying the price for not joining the loyalty club? Suggests reasons why this decision made by Asda may have been a mistake Asda are owned by Wal-Mart which is a major American retailer who currently has the 2nd largest database in the US behind the US government. T

Commentary on The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

This passage comes from the first chapter of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain. Huckleberry is explaining how life is with the Widow Douglas and Miss Watson. He is describing one evening at his new home in their company. This section serves to characterize the two ladies, to foreshadow some events that will happen later in the novel, to create a mood of death, to reinforce the theme of death and rebirth, and to characterize Huckleberry. At the beginning of the passage, Huck describes Miss Watson as a deeply religious person. She talks about the â€Å"good place† (3), as a reward for â€Å"sivilized† people. Twain satirizes religion when the widow says that all a body does in heaven is play the â€Å"harp and sing forever and ever† (3). Indeed, why would she want to sing endlessly once she is dead? But because of Huck’s pure heart, he â€Å"didn’t think much of it† (3). All he wants is to be with Tom Sawyer. So even at the beginning of the story, Huck is already rejecting society because he does not care about going to heaven. In addition, Miss Watson is mean toward Huck. She keeps â€Å"pecking† (3) at him. The word â€Å"pecking† is very important in this passage because it compares Miss Watson as a bird that strikes with its beak. This comparison suggests that Miss Watson is a nag and that her constant criticism is painful to Huck. With the help of Huckâ₠¬â„¢s description, the reader can infer that the two ladies are civilized and educated, but surprisingly, when it comes to slaves, they lose all of their humanity and just â€Å"fetched the niggers in and had prayers† (3). They treat them no better than they would treat animals. Their behavior toward slaves demonstrates how superficial and hypocritical they are. In addition, Mark Twain foreshadows death, which will happen later in the book. For example, when Huck goes up to his room, he feels â€Å"lonesome† (3), he wishes he were dead. In this passage, Twain emphasizes the theme of Huck’s quest for freedom. Huck has a need for liberty. Since he is stuck in a house he feels â€Å"tiresome† (3), and locked in. The author also uses many morbid words to foreshadow death, such as â€Å"mournful†, â€Å"dead†, â€Å"crying†, â€Å"die†, â€Å"shivers†, â€Å"ghosts†, â€Å"grave† and â€Å"grieving† (3). As a result, the death imagery and diction creates a dreadful mood.

Management Professional Resume Essay

QUALIFICATIONS SUMMARY Accomplished, goal-oriented Management Professional in the Aerospace industry.   Dynamic Leader with exceptional ability in supervising and motivating others.   Expertise in performing major inspections of space shuttle main engines, military jet engines, and depot level maintenance on aircraft airframe.   Excellent customer service skills with an in-depth knowledge of NASA, government operations and contracts. Recognized for Achieving Competitive Excellence (ACE), enhancing production, quality, cost savings, and a safe work environment.   Maintained a safety record of over 2,500 work days without OSHA recordable injuries.   Experienced in production scheduling, management techniques, and ACE/Lean Manufacturing initiatives.   Technically proficient with Microsoft Office and ISO AS9100.   FAA Aircraft Power Plant Licensed.   Received the NASA Space Flight Awareness Award, Eagle Award, and nominated for the Jack Weil Award.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CORE KNOWLEDGE AREAS à ¼Ã‚   Oral / Written Communication Skills à ¼Ã‚   Conflict Resolution à ¼Ã‚   Contract Negotiation à ¼Ã‚   Superb Organizational Skills à ¼Ã‚   Staff Development & Training à ¼Ã‚   Project Management à ¼Ã‚   Supervision / Management à ¼Ã‚   Team Leadership RELEVANT PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE PRATT & WHITNEY ROCKETDYNE, Kennedy Space Center, FL  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2005-Present Supervisor (Contractor to NASA) Supervises multiple shift schedules, and manages the hiring process. Conducts employee training, certifications and work place resolution processes. Ensures employee compliance with NASA operating procedures during inspections, technical maintenance, and performance tests on space shuttle rocket engines. Travels extensively to NASA Stennis Space Center and Marshall Space Center for testing, hardware improvement, research and development of space shuttle main engine. Executes extensive flight readiness tests with a 100% rocket engine performance success rate. BOEING ROCKETDYNE, Kennedy Space Center, FL  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2000-2005 Supervisor Led the 6S benchmark initiative, value stream mapping, and continuous improvement process. Traveled to various NASA sites to facilitate implementation of Lean Manufacturing initiatives, and implemented procedures. Resolved workforce issues in compliance with company policies. Selected as ISO AS9100 internal auditor to ensure work processes remained at optimum standards for continuous efficiency, safety, quality, product delivery, reliability, compliance. Served as point of contact for hazardous waste management, OJT trainer, FOD champion, and shift maintenance coordinator. LOCKHEED MARTIN, Tucson, Arizona  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1999-2000 Senior Site Manager – Air National Guard Supervised a crew of twenty for major overhaul of F-16 aircraft jet engines (F100-220/220E). Planned and scheduled engine production.   Ã‚  Maintained employee attendance records. Alleviated a 30-engine deficit for the base in a record setting pace with uncompromising quality. Established an unprecedented trusting relationship with the customer, receiving the highest evaluation rating. Provided employee training and maintained training records. Prepared weekly quality and production reports. LOCKHEED MARTIN, Nellis AFB, Nevada  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1998-1999 Inspector / Jet Engine Lead Technician Repaired and inspected F-15/F-16 aircraft jet engines including the Air Force Thunder- Bird’s jet engines. Performed flex fiberscope inspections utilizing IW-2 video recording fiberscope equipment. Exceeded expectations and delivery time of completed U.S.A.F. Thunderbird engine modifications as a result of quality inspection and assembly. Maintained engine records and training new technicians.    DANA MICHAUD   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page Two   RELEVANT PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE   (Continued) LOCKHEED MARTIN – Otis Air Guard Base, Cape Code, MA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1997-1998 Jet Engine Technician Overhauled P & W F100-100/200 jet engines and maintained aircraft engine records and parts requisition. Resolved engine problems from four to twenty serviceable fighters. CONSOLIDATED FUEL SYSTEMS, Montgomery, AL  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1993-1995 General Aviation Technician Performed inspections and overhauled aircraft engine fuel injection servos, fuel control, fuel pumps, and carburetors. Operated simulated test benches to calibrate fuel components to aircraft specifications. Significantly improved system operations and resolved engineering defects. Dramatically reduced warranty rates and increased customer satisfaction. PEMCO AEROPLEX, Birmingham, AL  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1993 Aircraft Technician Performed depot level maintenance on U.S.A.F. KC-135 aircrafts with zero inspection defects and an exceptional safety record and work performance. Removed, inspected, and installed aircraft components and controls such as ailerons, wings, vertical/horizontal stabs, cables, flaps, and spoilers. UNITED STATES AIR FORCE, Tyndall AFB, FL  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1987-1991 Jet Engine Technician Successfully overhauled P & W F100-100 jet engines based on I.A.W. directives with high quality assurance ratings. Received promotions and nominated as a maintenance professional for four years. ADDITIONAL WORK EXPERIENCE SELF-EMPLOYED, (City, FL)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1996-1997 Independent Sales Trainer Trained staff to work effectively in a goal-oriented, and team environment by overcoming fears and mastering negotiation techniques. Motivated team to surpass monthly quotas for three months. BUDGET RENT-A-CAR, Panama City, FL  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1997 Maintenance Manager Maintained a fleet of 100+ vehicles for periodic and minor maintenance. Serviced manufacture recalls, maintained vehicle records and shop inventory. Generated insurance estimates and billing invoices. DGR ASSOCIATES INC., Tyndall AFB, FL  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1992-1993 Foreman Supervised a staff of 10 repairing and painting a U.S.A.F. housing complex on production bases. Calculated company income and expenses, payroll, and company inventory. Coordinated schedules for government inspection procedures. SELF-EMPLOYED, Panama City, FL  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1991-1992 Antique Vehicle Restorer Performed intricate precise restoration of classic vehicles, insurance estimation, and collision repairs utilizing advanced technological equipment and materials. EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX, Phoenix, Arizona Bachelors of Science in Business Management, 2007 Advanced Leadership Seminar, 1997 AVIATION TECHNOLOGY, Pensacola, Florida FAA Power Plant License, 1992

Influence Of Cognitive Development On Gender Identity

Abstract The influence of cognitive development to a modern comprehension of gender identity is examined. Cognitive theories in the context of human development are assessed and examples are presented to provide empirical support. These theories surround early gender development with aspects concentrated specifically during Middle Childhood to illustrate how gender identity is perceived in children ages 5 -11. The process of normal and abnormal gender identity in Middle Childhood are both examined. The paper concludes with implications for future research. Introduction to Gender Identity The phenomenon of gender identity dates back as early as the 1950’s when Psychologists began examining gender development in children. In 1958, the UCLA Medical Center created the Gender Identity Research Project to study intersex and its effects on gender development and identity. John Hopkins Medical School’s Gender Identity Clinic was created in 1965 for elaborative gender research, suggesting that gender identity is â€Å"relatively fluid† up to a certain age and subject to continuous negotiation (Haraway, 1991). With countless research and studies conducted on this unique topic in human development, various cognitive theories have emerged to justify the evolution of gender identity. In order to further examine gender identity, it is critical to distinguish gender identity from societal terms that do not properly define its true semantic. Gender Identity isShow MoreRelatedNature vs Nurture: Genes vs Environment Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pagesand are usually very identified with the particular gender that we happen to be a member of.† This quote by Andrew Cohen explains partially how gender identity develops, through the conditioning of our environments. The most influential factor of gender development, however, is still a very controversial issue. 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